Acne vulgaris; is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease in pilosebaceous unit (sebaceous gland and hair root). It is the most common dermatological problem in acne puberty period. Early treatment of acne is critical in terms of prevention of scar formation.
It may arise as open, closed comedo (black head), papule, pustule (red and inflammatory point) and inflammatory nodules.
Factors contributing to acne formation are numerous. So, it is not possible to state a single cause. Despite apparent developments which enlighten the acne formation, etiopathogenesis of the illness still couldn’t be identified.
Genetic factors, hormonal disorders, stress and use of inappropriate skin care and make-up products cause increase in fat secretion, pore blocking and bacteria increase and result in acne formation.
Developments in molecular biology, genetic and immunology fields have significantly contributed to the progress of studies in acne pathogenesis. There are material evidences proving that intake of high-glycemic diets, dairy products and refined white sugar exacerbates the acne formation. The roles of Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, zinc, Vitamin A and fiber in diet have not been clarified yet.
There are a great variety of treatments recommended by the dermatologists in acne treatment. Creams, chemical peeling, antibiotic treatment and isotretinoin are the primary methods.
Generally topical treatments (creamy medicines) are recommended in mild and moderate acne cases. Topical retinoid, topical antibiotic, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid are the most frequently used ones. Mainstay of the treatment is an appropriate cleaner. Those having oily skin should use jelly cleaners or soaps. Treatment begins with keratolytic agents which prevent open and closed comedo formation. Topical antibiotics and oral antibiotics may be included in treatment.
Isotretinoin treatment is mostly preferred in treatment-resistant cases, nodulocystic acne and cases which tend to leave a scar. It is a medicine which should be prescribed by a specialist physician and monitored closely during use. The period of use depends on the weight of the patient, severity of the illness, current illnesses of and drugs used by the patient.
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